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      06.06.15 13:32:05
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      NICOTINE

      Clinical Effects
      CNS toxicity includes sympathetic, parasympathetic or neuromuscular effects. COMMON: N/V, abdominal pain, salivation, tachypnea, hypertension, tachycardia, SEVERE: confusion, agitation/restlessness, lethargy, seizures, coma, dysrhythmias, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, electrolyte imbalance. ABSORPTION: after ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or rectal exposure. DURATION: Mild: 1-2 hours; Severe: 8-24 hours.

      Treatment
      Decontamination: Emesis is usually spontaneous; do NOT induce. Activated charcoal, gastric lavage.
      Seizure: IV benzodiazepines, barbiturates
      Hypotensive episode: IV 0.9% NaCl, dopamine, norepinephrine.
      Rhabdomyolysis: IV hydration, adequate urine output.
      Monitoring of patient: Monitor vital signs, electrolytes, ECG, and neurolgic function.

      Range Of Toxicity
      Ingestion of 1 fresh cigarette, 3 "butts", 1 pinch of snuff, or any amount of gum is potentially toxic. ADULT - 2 to 5 mg can cause nausea, estimated lethal oral dose is 40 to 60 mg; CHILD - 1 mg can produce symptoms in a small child, 1.4 mg/kg may cause severe toxicity.


      Cardiovascular Effects
      Angina pectoris
      Cardiovascular finding
      Hypertension
      Myocardial infarction
      Tachyarrhythmia

      Dermatologic Effects
      Dermatological finding
      Skin irritation

      Endocrine/Metabolic Effects
      Body temperature finding
      Hot flash

      Gastrointestinal Effects
      Abdominal discomfort
      Chalasia of lower esophageal sphincter
      Diarrhea
      Dyspepsia
      Gastrointestinal tract finding
      Nausea
      Xerostomia

      Musculoskeletal Effects
      Musculoskeletal finding
      Myasthenia gravis, Exacerbation

      Neurologic Effects
      Cerebrovascular accident
      Dizziness
      Headache
      Lightheadedness
      Neurological finding
      Nystagmus

      Ophthalmic Effects
      Eye / vision finding
      Finding of lacrimation

      Psychiatric Effects
      Depression
      Dyssomnia
      Psychiatric sign or symptom

      Respiratory Effects
      Bronchitis
      Cough
      Exacerbation of asthma
      Respiratory finding
      Rhinitis
      Throat irritation

      Other
      Summary
      Drug dependence
      Drug withdrawal
      Hiccoughs
      Toxic effect of tobacco and nicotine, Green tobacco sickness
      06.06.15 13:20:32
      0 ¼öÁ¤ »èÁ¦ 0 0
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